Allergies vs. Sinus Infections: How to Tell the Difference

If you frequently experience a stuffy nose, facial pressure, or persistent sneezing, you may wonder whether you have allergies or a sinus infection. Because the symptoms are similar, many people become confused and end up delaying treatment or using the incorrect remedies. Understanding how to distinguish between them is crucial for long-term relief and effective management of symptoms.

Both allergies and sinus infections impact the sinuses and nasal passages; however, they are triggered by very different factors. Below you will find a simple guide to help you understand what you are experiencing and whether you should consult your healthcare provider.

What Are Allergies?

Allergies are reactions your immune system makes to substances (or allergens) that would not ordinarily cause you a problem. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, mold, pet dander, and certain types of food. When the body is exposed to an allergen, the immune system releases chemicals (such as histamines) that cause the most common symptoms of an allergy.

Common Symptoms of Allergies

There are some common symptoms associated with allergies:

  • Sneezing
  • Runny/ itchy nose
  • Clear, runny discharge from your nose
  • Watery eyes or itchy eyes
  • Postnasal drip
  • Symptoms that worsen regardless of season or environment

Allergies typically can occur suddenly after being exposed to triggers, and the symptoms may last for days, weeks, or even months (it is common in the spring or fall).

What is a Sinus Infection?

A sinus infection, medically known as sinusitis, occurs when the tissue lining the sinuses becomes inflamed due to viral, bacterial, or sometimes fungal infections. A cold often characterises the condition or is a result of untreated allergies, leading to prolonged congestion.

Common Symptoms of a Sinus Infection

  • Thick, yellow or green nasal discharge
  • Facial pain or pressure
  • Headache
  • Reduced sense of smell
  • Fever
  • Bad breath
  • Tooth or jaw pain
  • Fatigue

Sinus infections, which last for 10 days or even a few weeks, typically cause symptoms that are longer-lasting than those of allergies.

How to Differentiate Between Allergies and a Sinus Infection

While nasal congestion, pain, and discomfort can occur due to both allergies and a sinus infection, there are several distinguishing characteristics:

1. Nasal Discharge
  • Allergies: Clear or watery discharge
  • Sinus Infection: Thick, yellow or green mucus
2. Fever
  • Allergies: A fever is rare
  • Sinus Infection: Fever is common with a bacterial infection
3. Facial Pain
  • Allergies: Moderate or mild pain
  • Sinus Infection: Noticeable pain or pressure in the forehead, cheeks, or around the eyes.
4. Duration of Symptoms
  • Allergies: Symptoms can last for days, weeks, or months
  • Sinus Infection: Symptoms typically last 10-14 days, unless chronic cases extend longer (Sinusitis is considered chronic if it lasts for more than three months).
5. Timing
  • Allergies: Generally present with changes in season, environment, or type of allergen
  • Sinus Infection: May follow a cold or flu illness.
When to Consult with an ENT Specialist

If your symptoms:

  • Last longer than 10 days
  • They are getting worse and not better
  • They are interfering with your daily life
  • Include facial pain or fever

In the above cases, it is advisable to make an appointment for an ENT specialist. The right diagnosis will enable the specialist to provide the correct treatment for your illness at the right time and offer long-term, effective solutions.

Understanding the distinction between allergies and a sinus infection will help you effectively manage your symptoms and avoid unnecessary pain or discomfort related to the infection. With proper care, you can breathe more easily and overall achieve better sinus health. If your symptoms have lasted longer than 10 days or seem to occur with greater frequency, then please make an appointment with an ENT specialist for an accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment.